How Long Can a Dog Wear a Sweater

English GRAMMAR IN Employ FOR INTERMEDIATE

11. HOW LONG HAVE YOU (BEEN) …?

A	Study this example situation: Dan and jenny are married. They got married exactly 20 years ago, so today is their 20th wedding anniversary. They have been married for twenty years . We say: They are married. (present) merely How long take they been married? (present perfect) (non How long are they married?) They have been married for twenty years . (non They are married for 20 years) We use the present perfect to talk most something that began in the past and withal continues now. Compare the present and the present perfect: Paul is in hospital. But He 's been in infirmary since Monday . (=He has been ...) (non Paul is in infirmary since Monday) Do you know each other well? But Accept you lot known each other for a long time ? (non Do you know) She's waiting for somebody. But She 's been waiting all morning. Practice they accept a car? Only How long take they had their car?
B	I have known/ had/ lived etc . is the present perfect simple. I take been learning /been waiting /been doing etc. is the nowadays perfect continuous. When we ask or say 'how long', the continuous is more usual: I 've been learning English for six months. Information technology 's been raining since Lunchtime. Richard has been doing the same job for xx years. ' How long take you lot been driving ?' 'Since I was 17.' Some verbs (for example, know/like/believe ) are not normally used in the continuous: How long accept you known Jane? (not have you been knowing) I 've had a pain in my tum all day. (not I've been having)
C	Y'all can use either the present perfect continuous or uncomplicated with live and work: Julia has been living / has lived here for a long time. How long have you lot been working / have y'all worked here? But use the simple ( I've lived /I've done etc.) with always: I 've always lived in the state. (not e'er been living)
D	Nosotros say 'I haven't washed something since/for .. .' (present perfect elementary): I haven't seen Tom since Monday. (= Monday was the last t ime I saw him) Sarah hasn't phoned for ages. (=the terminal fourth dimension she phoned was ages agone)

EXERCISES

xi.1	Are the underlined verbs correct or wrong? Correct them where necessary. ane Ben is a friend of mine. I know him very well ____ OK_____ 2 Ben is a friend of mine. I know him for a long time. ____ I've known him ____ 3 Sarah and Adam are married since July. _____________________ iv The weather is awful. It's raining again. _____________________ five The weather is awful. Information technology'southward raining all day. _____________________ vi I like your house. How long are yous living in that location? _____________________ vii Gary is working in a shop for the final few months. _____________________ 8 I don't know Tom well. We've only met a few times. _____________________ ix I gave up drinking coffee. I don't potable it for a yr. _____________________ ten That's a very former wheel. How long do yous accept information technology? _____________________
eleven.2	Read the situations and write questions from the words in brackets. 1 A friend tells yous that Paul is in hospital. You ask him: (how long /be /in hospital?) ____ How long has Paul been in hospital?_____________ 2 You encounter a woman who tells you that she teaches English. You lot enquire her: (how long /teach /English?) ___________________________________ three You know that Jane is a adept friend of Katherine's. You ask Jane: (how long /know /Katherine?) ___________________________________ 4 Your friend'due south brother went to Australia some time agone and he's still there. You ask your friend: (how long /be /in Australia?) ___________________________________ 5 Tom e'er wears the same jacket. It's a very old jacket. You inquire him: (how long /have /that jacket?) ___________________________________ six You are talking to a friend about Joe. Joe now works at the drome. You inquire your friend: (how long /work /at the airport?) ___________________________________ 7 A friend of yours is having guitar lessons. Yous ask him: (how long /have /guitar lessons?) ___________________________________ 8 Y'all meet somebody on a aeroplane. She says that she lives in Chicago. You ask her: (always /live /in Chicago?) ___________________________________
11.iii	Consummate B's answers to A'south questions. A B 1 Paul is in infirmary, isn't he? Yes, he _____has been ____ in infirmary since Monday. 2 Do you see Ann very oft? No, I __ haven't seen ____for iii months. iii Is Amy married? Yes, she _______________ married for 10 years. 4 Are you lot waiting for me? Yes, I _______________ for the last half hour 5 Y'all know Mel, don't you? Yes, nosotros _______________ each other a long time. vi Practise you lot nevertheless play lawn tennis? No, I _______________ tennis for years. 7 Is Joe watching TV? Yes, he _______________ Tv set all evening. 8 Do you watch Goggle box a lot? No, I _______________ Goggle box for ages. 9 Exercise you take a headache? Yes, I _______________ a headache all morning. 10 Adrian is never ill, is he? No, he _______________ ill since I've known him. 11 Are you feeling ill? Aye, I _______________ ill all day. 12 Sue lives in Berlin, doesn't she? Yep, she _______________ in Berlin for the last few years. 13 Practise yous go to the movie theater a lot? No, I _______________ to the cinema for ages. fourteen Would you like to go to New York i 24-hour interval? Yeah, I_______________ to go to New York. (utilise always I desire)

ANSWER KEY

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